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Search for an Invisibly Decaying $Z^{'}$ Boson at Belle II in $e^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} μ^{-} (e^{\pm} μ^{\mp})$ Plus Missing Energy Final States

I. Adachi^21,18, P. Ahlburg⁹⁵, H. Aihara¹¹¹, N. Akopov¹¹⁷, A. Aloisio^86,33, N. Anh Ky^30,12, D. M. Asner², H. Atmacan⁹⁷, T. Aushev⁵⁶ et al. (Belle II Collaboration)

T. Aushev⁵⁶, V. Aushev⁷⁸, T. Aziz⁷⁹, V. Babu¹⁰, S. Baehr⁴⁴, P. Bambade⁴⁹, Sw. Banerjee¹⁰⁰, V. Bansal⁶⁹, M. Barrett²¹, J. Baudot⁹⁴, J. Becker⁴⁴, P. K. Behera²⁴, J. V. Bennett¹⁰⁴, E. Bernieri³⁸, F. U. Bernlochner⁹⁵, M. Bertemes²⁷, M. Bessner⁹⁸, S. Bettarini^89,36, F. Bianchi^91,39, D. Biswas¹⁰⁰, A. Bozek⁶³, M. Bračko^102,77, P. Branchini³⁸, R. A. Briere⁴, T. E. Browder⁹⁸, A. Budano³⁸, L. Burmistrov⁴⁹, S. Bussino^90,38, M. Campajola^86,33, L. Cao⁹⁵, G. Casarosa^89,36, C. Cecchi^88,35, D. Červenkov⁶, M.-C. Chang¹⁵, R. Cheaib⁹⁶, V. Chekelian⁵⁴, Y. Q. Chen¹⁰⁷, Y.-T. Chen⁶¹, B. G. Cheon²⁰, K. Chilikin⁵⁰, K. Cho⁴⁶, S. Cho¹¹⁸, S.-K. Choi¹⁹, S. Choudhury²³, D. Cinabro¹¹⁵, L. Corona^89,36, L. M. Cremaldi¹⁰⁴, S. Cunliffe¹⁰, T. Czank¹¹², F. Dattola¹⁰, E. De La Cruz-Burelo⁵, G. De Nardo^86,33, M. De Nuccio¹⁰, G. De Pietro ^90,38, R. de Sangro³², M. Destefanis^91,39, S. Dey⁸¹, A. De Yta-Hernandez⁵, F. Di Capua^86,33, Z. Doležal⁶, I. Domínguez Jiménez⁸⁵, T. V. Dong¹⁶, K. Dort⁴³, D. Dossett¹⁰³, S. Dubey⁹⁸, S. Duell⁹⁵, G. Dujany⁹⁴, S. Eidelman^3,65,50, M. Eliachevitch⁹⁵, J. E. Fast⁶⁹, T. Ferber¹⁰, D. Ferlewicz¹⁰³, G. Finocchiaro³², S. Fiore³⁷, A. Fodor⁵⁵, F. Forti^89,36, B. G. Fulsom⁶⁹, E. Ganiev^92,40, M. Garcia-Hernandez⁵, R. Garg⁷⁰, V. Gaur¹¹⁴, A. Gaz^58,59, A. Gellrich¹⁰, J. Gemmler⁴⁴, T. Geßler⁴³, R. Giordano^86,33, A. Giri²³, B. Gobbo⁴⁰, R. Godang¹⁰⁸, P. Goldenzweig⁴⁴, B. Golob^99,77, P. Gomis³¹, W. Gradl⁴², E. Graziani³⁸, D. Greenwald⁸⁰, Y. Guan⁹⁷, C. Hadjivasiliou⁶⁹, S. Halder⁷⁹, T. Hara^21,18, O. Hartbrich⁹⁸, K. Hayasaka⁶⁴, H. Hayashii⁶⁰, C. Hearty^96,29, M. T. Hedges⁹⁸, I. Heredia de la Cruz^5,9, M. Hernández Villanueva¹⁰⁴, A. Hershenhorn⁹⁶, T. Higuchi¹¹², E. C. Hill⁹⁶, M. Hoek⁴², C.-L. Hsu¹¹⁰, Y. Hu²⁸, T. Iijima^58,59, K. Inami⁵⁸, G. Inguglia²⁷, J. Irakkathil Jabbar⁴⁴, A. Ishikawa^21,18, R. Itoh^21,18, Y. Iwasaki²¹, W. W. Jacobs²⁵, D. E. Jaffe², E.-J. Jang¹⁹, H. B. Jeon⁴⁸, S. Jia¹, Y. Jin⁴⁰, C. Joo¹¹², K. K. Joo⁸, J. Kahn⁴⁴, H. Kakuno⁸⁴, A. B. Kaliyar⁷⁹, J. Kandra⁶, G. Karyan¹¹⁷, Y. Kato^58,59, T. Kawasaki⁴⁵, B. H. Kim⁷⁴, C.-H. Kim²⁰, D. Y. Kim⁷⁶, K.-H. Kim¹¹⁸, S.-H. Kim²⁰, Y. K. Kim¹¹⁸, Y. Kim⁴⁷, T. D. Kimmel¹¹⁴, H. Kindo^21,18, C. Kleinwort¹⁰, P. Kodyš⁶, T. Koga²¹, S. Kohani⁹⁸, I. Komarov¹⁰, S. Korpar^102,77, N. Kovalchuk¹⁰, T. M. G. Kraetzschmar⁵⁴, P. Križan^99,77, R. Kroeger¹⁰⁴, P. Krokovny^3,65, T. Kuhr⁵¹, J. Kumar⁴, M. Kumar⁵³, R. Kumar⁷², K. Kumara¹¹⁵, S. Kurz¹⁰, A. Kuzmin^3,65, Y.-J. Kwon¹¹⁸, S. Lacaprara³⁴, C. La Licata¹¹², L. Lanceri⁴⁰, J. S. Lange⁴³, K. Lautenbach⁴³, I.-S. Lee²⁰, S. C. Lee⁴⁸, P. Leitl⁵⁴, D. Levit⁸⁰, L. K. Li⁹⁷, Y. B. Li⁷¹, J. Libby²⁴, K. Lieret⁵¹, L. Li Gioi⁵⁴, Z. Liptak⁹⁸, Q. Y. Liu¹⁶, D. Liventsev^114,21, S. Longo¹¹³, T. Luo¹⁶, Y. Maeda^58,59, M. Maggiora^91,39, E. Manoni³⁵, S. Marcello^91,39, C. Marinas³¹, A. Martini^90,38, M. Masuda^13,68, T. Matsuda¹⁰⁵, K. Matsuoka^58,59, D. Matvienko^3,50,65, F. Meggendorfer⁵⁴, J. C. Mei¹⁶, F. Meier¹¹, M. Merola^86,33, F. Metzner⁴⁴, M. Milesi¹⁰³, C. Miller¹¹³, K. Miyabayashi⁶⁰, H. Miyake^21,18, R. Mizuk⁵⁰, K. Azmi¹⁰¹, G. B. Mohanty⁷⁹, T. Moon⁷⁴, T. Morii¹¹², H.-G. Moser⁵⁴, F. Mueller⁵⁴, F. J. Müller¹⁰, Th. Muller⁴⁴, G. Muroyama⁵⁸, R. Mussa³⁹, E. Nakano⁶⁷, M. Nakao^21,18, M. Nayak⁸¹, G. Nazaryan¹¹⁷, D. Neverov⁵⁸, C. Niebuhr¹⁰, N. K. Nisar¹⁰⁶, S. Nishida^21,18, K. Nishimura⁹⁸, M. Nishimura²¹, B. Oberhof³², K. Ogawa⁶⁴, Y. Onishchuk⁷⁸, H. Ono⁶⁴, Y. Onuki¹¹¹, P. Oskin⁵⁰, H. Ozaki^21,18, P. Pakhlov^50,57, G. Pakhlova^56,50, A. Paladino^89,36, A. Panta¹⁰⁴, E. Paoloni^89,36, H. Park⁴⁸, B. Paschen⁹⁵, A. Passeri³⁸, A. Pathak¹⁰⁰, S. Paul⁸⁰, T. K. Pedlar⁵², I. Peruzzi³², R. Peschke⁹⁸, R. Pestotnik⁷⁷, M. Piccolo³², L. E. Piilonen¹¹⁴, V. Popov^56,50, C. Praz¹⁰, E. Prencipe¹⁴, M. T. Prim⁴⁴, M. V. Purohit⁶⁶, P. Rados¹⁰, R. Rasheed⁹⁴, S. Reiter⁴³, M. Remnev^3,50, P. K. Resmi²⁴, I. Ripp-Baudot⁹⁴, M. Ritter⁵¹, G. Rizzo^89,36, L. B. Rizzuto⁷⁷, S. H. Robertson^55,29, D. Rodríguez Pérez⁸⁵, J. M. Roney^113,29, C. Rosenfeld¹⁰⁹, A. Rostomyan¹⁰, N. Rout²⁴, G. Russo^86,33, D. Sahoo⁷⁹, Y. Sakai^21,18, S. Sandilya⁹⁷, A. Sangal⁹⁷, L. Santelj^99,77, P. Sartori^87,34, Y. Sato⁸², V. Savinov¹⁰⁶, B. Scavino⁴², J. Schueler⁹⁸, C. Schwanda²⁷, R. M. Seddon⁵⁵, Y. Seino⁶⁴, A. Selce³⁵, K. Senyo¹¹⁶, C. Sfienti⁴², C. P. Shen¹, J.-G. Shiu⁶¹, B. Shwartz^3,50, A. Sibidanov¹¹³, F. Simon⁵⁴, R. J. Sobie¹¹³, A. Soffer⁸¹, A. Sokolov²⁶, E. Solovieva⁵⁰, S. Spataro^91,39, B. Spruck⁴², M. Starič⁷⁷, S. Stefkova¹⁰, Z. S. Stottler¹¹⁴, R. Stroili^87,34, J. Strube⁶⁹, M. Sumihama^17,68, T. Sumiyoshi⁸⁴, D. J. Summers¹⁰⁴, S. Y. Suzuki^21,18, M. Tabata⁷, M. Takizawa^73,22,75, U. Tamponi³⁹, S. Tanaka^21,18, K. Tanida⁴¹, N. Taniguchi²¹, P. Taras⁹³, F. Tenchini¹⁰, E. Torassa³⁴, K. Trabelsi⁴⁹, T. Tsuboyama^21,18, M. Uchida⁸³, K. Unger⁴⁴, Y. Unno²⁰, S. Uno^21,18, Y. Ushiroda^21,18,111, S. E. Vahsen⁹⁸, R. van Tonder⁹⁵, G. S. Varner⁹⁸, K. E. Varvell¹¹⁰, A. Vinokurova^3,65, L. Vitale^92,40, A. Vossen¹¹, M. Wakai⁹⁶, H. M. Wakeling⁵⁵, W. Wan Abdullah¹⁰¹, C. H. Wang⁶², M.-Z. Wang⁶¹, A. Warburton⁵⁵, M. Watanabe⁶⁴, J. Webb¹⁰³, S. Wehle¹⁰, C. Wessel⁹⁵, J. Wiechczynski³⁶, H. Windel⁵⁴, E. Won⁴⁷, B. Yabsley¹¹⁰, S. Yamada²¹, W. Yan¹⁰⁷, S. B. Yang⁴⁷, H. Ye¹⁰, J. H. Yin²⁸, M. Yonenaga⁸⁴, C. Z. Yuan²⁸, Y. Yusa⁶⁴, L. Zani^89,36, Z. Zhang¹⁰⁷, V. Zhilich^3,65, Q. D. Zhou²¹, X. Y. Zhou¹, and V. I. Zhukova⁵⁰ (Belle II Collaboration)

¹Beihang University, Beijing 100191
²Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
³Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090
⁴Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
⁵Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360
⁶Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague
⁷Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522
⁸Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186
⁹Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City 03940
¹⁰Deutsches Elektronen–Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg
¹¹Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
¹²Institute of Theoretical and Applied Research (ITAR), Duy Tan University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
¹³Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032
¹⁴Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich
¹⁵Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205
¹⁶Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200443
¹⁷Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193
¹⁸The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193
¹⁹Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828
²⁰Department of Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763
²¹High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801
²²J-PARC Branch, KEK Theory Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801
²³Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285
²⁴Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036
²⁵Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
²⁶Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
²⁷Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna 1050, Austria
²⁸Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
²⁹Institute of Particle Physics (Canada), Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2
³⁰Institute of Physics, Hanoi
³¹Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Paterna 46980
³²INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati
³³INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli
³⁴INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova
³⁵INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia
³⁶INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa
³⁷INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma
³⁸INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma
³⁹INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino
⁴⁰INFN Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste
⁴¹Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka 319-1195
⁴²Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz
⁴³Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen
⁴⁴Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe
⁴⁵Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373
⁴⁶Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141
⁴⁷Korea University, Seoul 02841
⁴⁸Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566
⁴⁹Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d’Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex
⁵⁰P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991
⁵¹Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich
⁵²Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101
⁵³Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017
⁵⁴Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München
⁵⁵McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2T8
⁵⁶Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700
⁵⁷Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409
⁵⁸Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602
⁵⁹Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602
⁶⁰Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506
⁶¹Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617
⁶²National United University, Miao Li 36003
⁶³H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342
⁶⁴Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181
⁶⁵Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090
⁶⁶Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495
⁶⁷Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585
⁶⁸Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047
⁶⁹Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
⁷⁰Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014
⁷¹Peking University, Beijing 100871
⁷²Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004
⁷³Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198
⁷⁴Seoul National University, Seoul 08826
⁷⁵Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543
⁷⁶Soongsil University, Seoul 06978
⁷⁷J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana
⁷⁸Taras Shevchenko National Univ. of Kiev, Kiev
⁷⁹Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005
⁸⁰Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching
⁸¹Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978
⁸²Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578
⁸³Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550
⁸⁴Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397
⁸⁵Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa 80000
⁸⁶Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli
⁸⁷Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova
⁸⁸Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia
⁸⁹Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa
⁹⁰Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma
⁹¹Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino
⁹²Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste
⁹³Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7
⁹⁴Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, 67037 Strasbourg
⁹⁵University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn
⁹⁶University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1
⁹⁷University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
⁹⁸University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
⁹⁹Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana
¹⁰⁰University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
¹⁰¹National Centre for Particle Physics, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
¹⁰²University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor
¹⁰³School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010
¹⁰⁴University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
¹⁰⁵University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192
¹⁰⁶University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
¹⁰⁷University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026
¹⁰⁸University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688
¹⁰⁹University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
¹¹⁰School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006
¹¹¹Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033
¹¹²Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583
¹¹³University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P6
¹¹⁴Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
¹¹⁵Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
¹¹⁶Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560
¹¹⁷Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036
¹¹⁸Yonsei University, Seoul 03722

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 141801 – Published 6 April, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.141801

Abstract

Theories beyond the standard model often predict the existence of an additional neutral boson, the $Z^{'}$ . Using data collected by the Belle II experiment during 2018 at the SuperKEKB collider, we perform the first searches for the invisible decay of a $Z^{'}$ in the process $e^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} μ^{-} Z^{'}$ and of a lepton-flavor-violating $Z^{'}$ in $e^{+} e^{-} \to e^{\pm} μ^{\mp} Z^{'}$ . We do not find any excess of events and set 90% credibility level upper limits on the cross sections of these processes. We translate the former, in the framework of an $L_{μ} - L_{τ}$ theory, into upper limits on the $Z^{'}$ coupling constant at the level of $5 \times 10^{- 2} - 1$ for $M_{Z^{'}} \leq 6 GeV / c^{2}$ .

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

Closing in on the $Z^{'}$ Boson

Published 6 April, 2020

The Belle II experiment finds no $Z^{'}$ boson in its first results, but it does constrain how strongly the particle might interact with standard model particles.

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References (30)

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 141801– Published 6 April, 2020

Vol. 124, Iss. 14 — 10 April 2020

Received 24 December 2019
Accepted 24 February 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.141801

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Search for an Invisibly Decaying $Z^{'}$ Boson at Belle II in $e^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} μ^{-} (e^{\pm} μ^{\mp})$ Plus Missing Energy Final States

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synopsis

Closing in on the $Z^{'}$ Boson

Article Text

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References (30)

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Search for an Invisibly Decaying Z′ Boson at Belle II in e+e−→μ+μ−(e±μ∓) Plus Missing Energy Final States

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

Closing in on the Z′ Boson

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (30)

Search for an Invisibly Decaying $Z^{'}$ Boson at Belle II in $e^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} μ^{-} (e^{\pm} μ^{\mp})$ Plus Missing Energy Final States

Closing in on the $Z^{'}$ Boson